Huaral es fundado por los españoles en el cuarto trimestre de 1551, siendo Virrey del Perú don Antonio de Mendoza Marqués de Mondejar, como Asiento de Naturales bajo la advocación de San Juan Bautista de Huaral en reemplazo de la población prehispánica llamada «Guaral Viejo» conformando por los ayllus dispersos llamados: Guaril, Huando, Jecuan, Huaca – Puquio, Huayan, Cuyo y otros. Por el número de ayllus su población fue muy numerosa; incentivada por la fertilidad de sus tierras, abundancia de agua, leña, pasto y la bondad de su clima.
Esta fundación se hizo en cumplimiento de la Real Ordenanza española de 21 de marzo de 1551, que disponía que los aborígenes fuesen reducidos a pueblos y ciudades. Por ello, los ayllus dispersos de la margen derecha del río Chancay, fueron reunidos en “Huaral Nuevo”, de conformidad a la Ley del Consejo de Indias que dice «… los indios fueran reducidos en pueblos y no viviesen divididos y separados por las sierras y montes, privándose de todo beneficio espiritual y corporal». Esta información es ratificada por el Dr. Alberto Tauro del Pino, que dice: “Huaral estuvo densamente poblada desde la época prehispánica y fue fundada por los españoles, bajo el patronazgo de San Juan, el año 1551″.
Con respecto al nombre, el historiador Jesús Elías Ipinze, dice: «Existe una escritura de fecha 19 de agosto de 1567, que trata del cacique y fundador don Martín Guaral Paico, de los indios principales Juan Cancha y Domingo Jullca Paico, de cuatro fanegadas de tierras u huertas que don Santiago Pérez, mayordomo del capitán encomendero, don Jerónimo de Aliaga, compró para este, advirtiéndose que el cacique principal llevaba por apellido el nombre con que fue fundado el pueblo o asiento de indios…»
En 1570, a 19 años de su fundación, llegaron a esta localidad el Licenciado Juan Martínez de Rengifo y el Fraile Bartolomé Martínez, visitadores civil y religioso, nombrados por el Virrey don Francisco de Toledo y cumpliendo sus instrucciones “para que sean adoctrinados y mantenidos en justicia y tengan sus repúblicas (ciudades) fundadas y se gobiernen entre si, dándoles ordenanzas y maneras de vivir”. En este año se estableció el Cabildo de Indios de Huaral, con su Alcalde de Naturales.
Ya en la Era Republicana, el Congreso Nacional, con fecha 25 de Octubre de 1,890 aprobó la ley de creación del distrito de Huaral, después de haber permanecido 128 años en el ámbito territorial de Villa Chancay y el 31 de octubre del mismo año, el Presidente de la República de entonces, Coronel Remigio Morales Bermúdez, la promulgó. El general Belisario Suárez, Ministro de Guerra y Marina, la refrendó.
Huaral ubicado en un punto estratégico y habiendo logrado el desarrollo socio económico con autonomía y derecho natural, aspiró desde siempre, convertirse en una pujante provincia; luego de 18 años de gestiones, desde el 9 de septiembre de 1957, se logró ese anhelo el 11 de Mayo de 1976 con la aprobación de la Ley de Creación Nº 21488 suscrita por el entonces Presidente de la República, el General EP Francisco Morales Bermúdez Cerrutti, por coincidencia, nieto del Presidente que creó el distrito de Huaral.
En esa fecha era alcalde del distrito de Huaral el Ing. José Pinasco Elguera, que pasa a ser el primer Alcalde provincial y a fines del mes de junio de ese mismo año asume ese cargo el Sr. Carlos Mora Parra, quien fue uno de los principales gestores para la creación de la Provincia de Huaral.
Cabe destacar al Dr. Teodoro Cassana Robles, abogado canteño, porque convenció a sus paisanos de la necesidad de la nueva provincia. La realidad era que la mayoría de las localidades serranas designadas para pasar a Huaral, estaban más ligadas a Huaral, la futura provincia, que a Canta o a Huacho. Se designó como su capital a la ciudad de Huaral.
UBICACION
• Ubicación.- La Provincia de Huaral, capital de la Provincia del mismo nombre y también llamada «Capital de la Agricultura», es una de las nueve (9) provincias del departamento de Lima, esta se halla ubicada al norte de la Provincia de Lima, departamento de LIMA, aproximadamente a 81 Km. de la Capital de la República y a 11Km. de la ciudad de Chancay, está situada geográficamente entre los 11°90’, 11°42’ de latitud sur y 76°20’ y 73°30’ de longitud oeste aproximadamente. Esta conformada por 12 distritos y tiene una extensión territorial aproximada de 3,655.70 Km2, equivalente al 11.43 % de la extensión territorial departamental y al 0.29 % del territorio nacional. Es una de las provincias jóvenes creado hace 29 años y es la tercera provincia más extensa.
Su territorio abarca desde la Cordillera que se inicia en Pasco, donde destacan un conjunto de nevados con altitudes mayores de 5,000 m.s.n.m. Cuenta con altitudes habitables variables que van desde los 43 m.s.n.m del distrito de Chancay llegando hasta los 4,000 m.s.n.m en el distrito de Pacaraos, Santa Cruz de Andamarca, distritos más altos de la provincia.
• Sus límites son:
Por el norte: con la provincia de Huaura.
Por el este: con la provincia de Yauli.
Por el sur: con la provincia de Canta y Lima.
Por el oeste: con el Océano Pacifico
• Distritos.- La Provincia de Huaral esta conformado por 12 distritos: Atavillos Alto, Ataviíllos Bajo, Ihuarí, Lampían, 27 de Noviembre, Pacaraos, Santa Cruz de Andamarca, Sumbilca, San Miguel de Acos, Aucallama, Huaral.
CLIMA
La provincia de Huaral abarca diversos pisos ecológicos y su clima varía de acuerdo a altura. En la costa es muy húmedo y semicálido. En verano llega a 30ºC y en invierno puede bajar a 16º C. En las zonas más altas, en épocas de heladas (junio, julio y agosto), la temperatura puede descender por debajo de los 0°C.
De acuerdo a la clasificación de Thornwaite y Holdrige y considerando el factor altitudinal desde el litoral hasta la divisoria se han identificado cinco tipos climáticos predominantes en la Provincia de Huaral, que varia desde árido y semi – cálido, a pluvial y gélido, con una precipitación pluvial de escasos milímetros en la costa árida y desértica, hasta un promedio estimado de 933mm en el sector de Puna (4800 m.s.n.m.); sobre esta altura se presentan precipitaciones en forma de granizo y nevada. Las temperaturas son variables con promedios que van desde los 21°C en la costa, hasta 0°C en las altas cumbres, y una humedad relativa de 78% en la Costa a 65% en la sierra. Cada uno de estos tipos climáticos está asociado a una determinada formación ecológica que nos determinan a su vez las zonas de vida natural con que cuenta la Provincia.
Fuente: MPH/PDC 2008-2021
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