Nuestra historia está en nuestro ADN, pues nuestro código genético nos puede revelar mucho sobre la identidad de nuestros antepasados, de dónde vienen y por dónde pasaron, para así entender mejor quiénes somos.
Al menos, esa es la meta del ‘Proyecto Genográfico’, una investigación antropológica de largo aliento encabezado por la National Geographic Society que mapea las migraciones humanas en la historia a través del análisis genético.
La primera fase del ‘Proyecto Genográfico’ empezó en el 2005, cuando se recogieron muestra de poblaciones indígenas de 11 centros regionales alrededor del mundo.
La segunda fase incluyó clasificar a los individuos evaluando las proporciones de su ascendencia genética relacionada a nueve regiones ancestrales: Noreste Asiático, Mediterráneo, África Austral, Suroeste Asiático, Oceanía, Sureste Asiático, Norte de Europa, África Subsahariana y Nativo Americano.
En su tercera fase (la actual), el proyecto analiza el ADN de las poblaciones indígenas alrededor del mundo, lo cual —con los datos ya obtenidos hasta ahora— permite acceder al conocimiento sobre el origen genético de las personas.
Los limeños
Las muestras recolectadas a peruanos viviendo en Lima por parte de los investigadores de este proyecto arrojó los siguientes resultados:- 68% Indígena (Nativo americano)
- 15% Mediterráneo (Mar Mediterráneo)
- 10% Nórdico (Norte de Europa)
- 3% Asiático occidental (Suroeste de Asia)
- 2% Subsahariano (África subsahariana)
De acuerdo con el estudio —y también nuestra historia—, la presencia significativa de mezcla con poblaciones europeas en los últimos 500 años se debe a la época colonial española.
De hecho, esto también incluye el porcentaje proveniente del Suroeste de Asia, que reflejan las migraciones antiguas en Europa durante los últimos 40,000 años.
La pequeña cantidad proveniente de África Subsahariana se debe a la trata africana de esclavos entre los siglos XVI-XIX.
Como dice el dicho: el que no tiene de inga, tiene de mandinga.
DATOS
- En la sierra peruana, las personas son 95% indígenas, 2% mediterráneas y 2% nórdicas, debido también a la mezcla con poblaciones europeas.
- Hasta el 2017, más de 800,000 personas de 140 países distintos han participado del proyecto.
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