La picadura de insectos, sobre todo de mosquitos y zancudos, suele incrementarse hasta en 60 por ciento en épocas de verano en los distritos de Lima, y provincias informó hoy la Sociedad de Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales (SPEIT).
Los especialistas detallan que se incrementan las picaduras de insectos como el Aedes aegypti, que contagia el dengue; y del mosquito culicoides, que no genera enfermedades pero sí picazón.
Detalló que cuando aumenta la temperatura, el ciclo de reproducción de estos mosquitos se acelera, lo que genera su incremento veloz.
“El ciclo de reproducción de un mosquito del dengue dura diez días. Cuando aumenta la temperatura, el ciclo se reduce a siete días, entonces hay mayor cantidad de mosquitos en menor tiempo. Si hay personas que están infectadas con dengue y los mosquitos las pican, el insecto llevará la enfermedad a las poblaciones sanas”, explicó.
Los mosquitos ponen sus huevos en los reservorios de agua, en donde no hay sistemas de tuberías de agua y alcantarillado, lo que genera un alto riesgo para las poblaciones cercanas.
En lo que respecta al mosquito del dengue, Cabeza señaló que las zonas más vulnerables son los conos de Lima, mientras que el mosquito culicoide genera molestia durante la noche en todos los distritos de la capital; sin embargo, éstas no contagian enfermedades, anotó.
Para evitar la presencia de estos mosquitos, el galeno recomendó cubrir los recipientes de agua para evitar que los mosquitos dejen sus huevos. Además, agregó que en caso de haber reservorios o canaletas de agua, se deben instalar mecanismos de circulación.
En cuanto a los hogares con piscinas, destacó que éstas deben ser limpiadas y desinfectadas con cloro periódicamente.
“Lo importante es identificar y eliminar los nichos en donde estos mosquitos se puedan reproducir. No se les debe permitir que lleguen a la adultez”, puntualizó.
Presencia de arañas caseras también se incrementa
El incremento de temperatura en el verano también suele incrementar la presencia de las arañas caseras de la especie Loxosceles laeta, arácnido que mide generalmente de 8 a 30 milímetros con las patas extendidas.
Tiene contextura gruesa, pilosa y color café-pardo oscuro, y suelen ser negras, pardas, rojizo-verdosas o bien color ceniza verdoso.
“Su ciclo reproductor también se acelera con temperatura. Estas están en todos los distritos y regiones, detrás de cuadros y en lugares en donde hay cosas viejas. Hay que tener cuidado al momento de limpiar detrás de cuadros y muebles”, indicó.
Agregó que las mordeduras de estos arácnidos pueden producir lesiones color rojizo en la piel y dolores. Los efectos en los niños son peores, ya que pueden producir un síndrome emolíptico, que implica la ruptura de glóbulos rojos.
Es necesario, indicó, tener cuidado al momento de realizar la limpieza de las casas. “Los niños no deben jugar mientras se realiza la limpieza de la casa y si se visualiza alguna de estas arañas, se las debe eliminar inmediatamente”.
Finalmente, dijo que en caso de ser atacado por este tipo de arácnido, la persona afectada debe acudir inmediatamente a un establecimiento de salud para aplicar el antídoto correspondiente.
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